Cardiac Radiology: A 100 Year Review

Targeted CE per ARRT’s Discipline, Category, and Subcategory classification for enrollments starting after May 9, 2023:
[Note: Discipline-specific Targeted CE credits may be less than the total Category A credits approved for this course.]

Cardiac-Interventional Radiography: 0.50
Procedures: 0.50
Diagnostic and Electrophysiology Procedures: 0.50

Computed Tomography: 0.50
Procedures: 0.50
Neck and Chest: 0.50

Nuclear Medicine Technology: 0.25
Procedures: 0.25
Cardiac Procedures: 0.25

Registered Radiologist Assistant: 0.50
Procedures: 0.50
Thoracic Section: 0.50

Outline

1. Introduction
2. early Stages of Cardiac Imaging (Pre-1950
3. Radiography, Fluoroscopy, and Orthodiagraphy
4. Roentgen Kymography
5. Cardiac Angiography
6. Coronary Arteriography
7. Applications of Cardiac Angiography in Specific Acquired and Congenital Heart Disease
8. Iodinated Contrast Media
9. Cardiac US
10. Nuclear Medicine Imaging
11. Cardiac CT
12. Coronary Calcifications
13. Coronary CT Angiography
14. Morphologic MR Imaging
15. Congenital Heart Disease
16. Ischemic Heart Disease
17. Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
18. Functional MR Imaging
19. Coronary MR Angiography

Objectives

Upon completion of this course, students will:

1. be familiar with imaging modalities being used at the beginning of the 20th century
2. know which radiographic views were used to image the heart
3. know what images were used for making heart measurements
4. know which patient orientation was used for roentgen cinematography
5. understand why roentgen cinematography provided only limited information about contraction of the myocardium
6. know what anatomy was depicted by using barium to fill the esophagus
7. be familiar with an early technique for recording heart motion
8. know the route for contrast administration for early cardiac angiography
9. be aware of a significant advancement in coronary arteriography
10. know how coronary arteries differ from other arteries originating from the aorta
11. know the risk factors for coronary artery disease as the cause of chest pain
12. be aware of the potential cardiotoxicity of ionic iodinated contrast media
13. know the definition of ionicity
14. be familiar with iodinated contrast agents of choice
15. list some advanced US imaging techniques
16. recognize some nuclear medicine agents used for cardiac imaging
17. be familiar with the nuclear medicine imaging techniques described
18. be aware of some of the lesions cardiac CT demonstrated in the early 80s
19. understand what needed to be optimized when CT acquisition time was shortened
20. be able to compare prospectively and retrospectively gated CT techniques
21. know the advantages of coronary CT angiography
22. be familiaar with a drug used to slow heart rate for coronary CT angiography
23. know pathology that was demonstrated by ECG gated morphologic MRI
24. understand imaging techniques to demonstrate pericardial thickening
25. know a condition specific to constrictive pericarditis
26. be familiar with ways to help limit respiratory motion during MRI
27. be aware of the potential for patient burns with ECG equipment in MRI
28. understand MRI assessment of patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot
29. be familiar with modalities used to image congenital heart disease
30. know the capabilities of four-dimensional MR flow imaging
31. be familiar with MRI contrast media used for imaging ischemic heart disease
32. know the purpose for nulling signal from normal myocardium
33. be aware of technology used for molecular imaging with MRI
34. be familiar with capabilities of delayed enhancement MR imaging
35. know the advantages of parallel imaging in MRI
36. know when the breath hold should begin for MR perfusion imaging
37. understand why adenosine is given during MR stress perfusion
38. understand the effect a steady-state free precession sequence has on the MR image
39. know where to place the navigator for three-dimensional coronary MR angiography
40. be familiar with the advantages of MR coronary angiography